Starting Out

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Lately I’ve had several colleagues ask me about practice change.  How do we boldly move forward in a new era where we are taking responsibility for drug therapy decisions and prescribing for our patients?  How do we brush up on our clinical skills and learning if we feel unprepared or not knowledgeable enough to take on this role?

I don’t know about you, but for many years I would do the basic CEUs, get them done for credit, and move on.  Need 15?  Got ’em.  I may have picked up the odd lesson in something I’m interested in or read a monograph for a new drug out of necessity because I was dispensing it more, but the learning often didn’t translate into my practice.  After the credit, much of the learning is forgotten.

What I have discovered in the course of changing my practice is that learning has to be relevant and integrated into my daily work for it to be useful.  For example, I don’t know how many CEUs I’ve done over the years on Diabetes…but I never could remember the incretin system.  DPP4 Inhibitor verses incretin mimetic?  Nada… Until I had a patient I was managing who was started on one.  Then when I re-read the guidelines, the monographs, re-learned the incretin system, etc.  I never forgot it again.  I had probably looked up the product monographs of each of the gliptins and liraglutide a dozen times when needing to counsel a patient, but it stuck with me now because it mattered.  Because I wasn’t simply counselling on side effects, I was making decisions regarding drug therapy for the patient.  I had chosen to take on the responsibility of medication management  which involved making changes in therapy. ie/ the buck stopped with me.  It created a learning curve that I had to dive into.  But now I make those type of recommendations on a regular basis.  And when I follow-up with those patients, find out how my therapy changes have affected them both for outcome and ADRs, my learning is multiplied.

What I am saying is that it has to start somewhere.

In the course of talking with colleagues I always ask them what their passion is within pharmacy.  If they don’t know, I ask them what medical condition or drug class is most interesting to you.  Did you love microbiology? (I hated it!)  But if you do, then start there.  Find out what the indication is for the antibiotic prescriptions you are dispensing (a convo with the patient will usually do) and create a learning curve for yourself.  The first few times you may need to look up the empiric therapy for a pediatric bladder infection.  But after a few, it will be automatic to adapt an Rx from Amoxil to Suprax for a child who had no urinalysis done.  After engaging that parent and making the choice to take that responsibility, you’ll never forget what you’ve learned and will apply it to other patients.

That’s the beginning of practice change.  Will you make some mistakes & occasionally feel foolish or incompetent?  Sure you will.  Think of all the mistakes from other prescribers you make calls on every day.  Our entire career we keep learning and improving, but the end result is better health care and knowing that you are making a huge difference in the lives of your patients.

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Burn out

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Burn out …. who hasn’t experienced it working in health care?  We are under the gun, trying to deliver health care to the maximum amount of patients in the least possible amount of time.

I recently read a great post written by Dike Drummond on “Compassion Fatigue”. I had never heard the term before, but it resonated with me as a truth. Compassion fatigue is a signal that burn out is approaching. What struck me was the way it was described. Not the typical symptoms of just being tired and unenthusiastic.

Compassion fatigue is when you find yourself challenged to care about your patients in the way you know is proper and expected in your position. One of the key components of quality healthcare is the ability for you to connect with your patients and for them to sense that connection….

Cynicism, sarcasm and feeling put upon are the first signs

If you find yourself being cynical or sarcastic about your patients you have compassion fatigue. It can come in the little voice in your head, or mumbling under your breath or “venting” to your colleagues or staff.

There have definitely been times in my professional life when I have felt this way. When an “interruption” by a patient was a bother while I was trying to complete other work.  There are times when I have definitely felt my empathy was out of reach.

Sometimes the signs are there, but I don’t recognize them. It’s easier to just keep going, be exhausted, unenthusiastic and get through the week.  Easier to stay in the place where you aren’t happy doing what you’re doing, can’t be in the moment, and wish you were anywhere and doing anything else.

At those moments I’ve lost the passion for my work, that spark, the reason I got into this gig in the first place.

And mix that with being physically exhausted and feeling like your work has no bigger purpose or meaning…that’s burn out.

Drummond has many suggestions for battling compassion fatigue including scheduled rest, exercise and personal time.  I would also add that as health professionals we need to feel our work is making a difference.  If we feel we are simply handing T3s to the next addict, managing drug shortages and talking to insurance companies… it is difficult to see the real difference we are making in the lives of our patients.  That can leave us unenthusiastic and just plain tired.

So, I would add to Drummond’s suggestion that as health professionals we need to find meaning in our work.  We need to see tangibly that we are making a difference for our patients.  The easiest way to do this is by being as involved as possible in patient care.  Get involved in improving patient  therapy, not just the solving of all the technical problems.  We need to rediscover our role as experts in medication management., carve out minutes in our days for those follow up phone calls, and keep on learning as we move forward in our practice.

E =

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E = EXACT

Health Care is not an exact science.  That’s right.  We want it to be…and I see much frustration, disappointment and even desperation because of this fact, but it’s the truth.  Despite all the medical advances and advertising of drugs that seem to point to the opposite, there really isn’t a “pill” for every illness or a test to diagnose every medical condition.  Sometimes there is no clear cut answer to a health problem, nor a solution.

Medicine and Pharmacy are applied science which means we take science and apply it to people.  We take everything we know about anatomy, microbiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, therapeutics, etc., and apply it to individuals who have their own unique physical, biological and genetic differences (not to mention the social, cultural, and psychological aspects).  From this application of knowledge to each individual situation, diagnosis is made and treatments are decided upon.

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E = ERRORS

This applying of science also means that medical care is not perfect.  Combine that with the speed at which this knowledge needs to be applied to patients and situations, errors are inevitable.  Here’s a quote from Dr. Brian Goldman that had me thinking this week.

What I’ve learned is that errors are absolutely ubiquitous. We work in a system where errors happen every day.  Where 1 in 10 medications are either the wrong medication given in hospital or the wrong dosage…  In this country as many as 24,000 Canadians die  [every year] from preventable medical errors. [which is a gross underestimate]

We all know someone who has had sub-optimal medical care or errors made in their care.  Often there is anger towards the professionals that made the mistake.  I’ve been on both ends of that situation.

There is an expectation of perfection in health care.  As patients we expect our health professionals to be competent, and so we should.  But as a health professional I know we are all human and lack perfection.  We all fall short and can make mistakes.

I’ve made mistakes in my career and will most likely make a few more before I am done.  Fortunately I have never made a mistake that has seriously harmed someone or caused a death.  But I know each time I put my lab coat on it is a real possibility.

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E= e-PATIENT

The possibility for error is why I continually encourage people to be engaged in their health care.   Not because you shouldn’t trust your health providers.  Quite the opposite.  You need to be an active partner so a trust relationship is essential. Working as a team is the best way to ensure optimum health care.  How can you do this?  Get to know your own body, your medical conditions, your medications.  Ask questionsWe need you to be as educated as possible.

More and more patients are getting health information over the internet.  (Interestingly, Health Professionals are often divided over this.  Some thinking this is great and others not so much).  I think the more knowledge you acquire about your own health the better.  And this is where the trust relationship comes into play.  Yes, there can be some bad information out there.  So you check it out with your doctor or pharmacist.

Last week I had a patient in tears because she had read on the internet that her diabetes medication could give her seizures and she didn’t know what to do.  Was that good information?  No.  It wasn’t true.  But I didn’t advise her to stay away from internet health information.  I provided her with some reputable sites and encouraged her to learn more about her disease and contact me in a week to go over what she had learned.   As one e-patient says in this video, “When push comes to shove you check with your [health professional]. They’re there for a reason”

Here’s an example of the growing movement of “e-patients.”  As you’ll see, the “e” stands for many great attributes that can lead to a safer, more participatory, less paternalistic model of health care.

Dr. Oz and the Ruby Slippers

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I really wish Dr Oz would just put on his ruby slippers and go home. Just click those heels three times and retire.

That may sound harsh, and I usually don’t make such blanket statements, but honestly, he’s starting to do some real damage.

Like Oprah, when Dr. Oz speaks, millions of people listen. His level of influence in the average North American household has become almost iconic. Millions turn to him for advice. That would be a good thing if he was a health professional with integrity and his advice was backed by science. The reality is quite the opposite. Here’s my beef with Oz.

Dr. Oz puts profit before people.

When Dr. Oz first started out on Oprah, his information and health recommendations were fairly standard, typical of your family doctor with some Hollywood spin. Over the years, however, he has become more “Hollywood”and less “doctor”. He sensationalizes medicine, often offering quick fixes with unproven therapy. It makes for great sound bites (like the un-workout workout) and it sells, but it’s not based on science. In fact, coming soon is his own product line of unproven supplements. It doesn’t matter that he lacks the science to back up his claims. His name sells and so will his unproven products.

His advice can be dangerous

Diabetes can be prevented with vinegar and coffee. Really? If that were true, I know many of my patients would be reaching for more pie; just add a cup of coffee and it’s all good. Instead, what is proven by science is that weight management and good nutrition can delay Type 2 Diabetes.
If a person needs to lose weight to reduce their risk of having a heart attack or stroke and Dr. Oz says all they have to do is take white kidney bean pills and they can eat all the cake they want…that’s dangerous.
How about having a doctor on his show that believes cancer can be cured with baking soda? Not kidding.

Dr. Oz presents “Pseudo-Science” as fact

Pseudo-science is presenting a claim or belief as scientifically valid without having the scientific supporting evidence. Here’s what we mean by science:

What we mean by “science” is simply rigorous methods of observation. Good science looks at all the evidence (rather than cherry picking only favorable evidence), controls for variables so we can identify what is actually working, uses blinded observations so as to minimize the effects of bias, and uses internally consistent logic. Steven Novella, MD

Are there some studies showing coffee has an effect on diabetes risk? Yes. Can we use these studies to make sweeping statements that affect people’s health? No. That would be irresponsible. All that is proven by a few small studies is that more studies in that area need to be done.

Dr.Oz takes “bad science” or limited science and presents it as fact. That’s irresponsible.

I’ve been in health care long enough to see really good studies point to facts that we incorporate into our practices as health care professionals. But 10 years later (after more studies with larger numbers of people, going on for a longer time), the original studies are proven to be misleading or even point to the opposite conclusion. Studies need to be examined with the eye of a sceptic and there is a science in itself to evaluating the strength and validity of scientific studies.

When people come to me with health concerns looking for advice, they are in essence sharing a trust. Patients expect me to be honest and to have their best interest at heart. They expect that my advice will be based on scientific evidence, not on anecdotes, popularity or profit. Patients should expect that from all their health providers.

Dr. Oz fails on all fronts. So, Dr. Oz, if the ruby slippers don’t fit, perhaps you can take the job of the original Oz behind the curtain. After all, he was a charlatan too.

5 Must Ask Questions About Your Prescription

When you are handed a prescription by your physician or your pharmacist there are many questions you should know the answer to before walking out the door. Below I highlight my top five.

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  1. What is this medication for?

This may seem obvious, but countless times when I ask a patient if they know what their prescription is for they tell me they have no idea.  When someone doesn’t know what a medication is for, there is little motivation to take it correctly or even at all.  Most drugs have more than one indicated use.  Know what yours are being used for.

2. What will happen if I don’t take this medication?

This may seem a strange question, but the reality is that over 50% of medication prescribed is either taken incorrectly or not at all.  (Health professionals are a little vain- we tend to think if we prescribe it, you will take it.) If you don’t take your high blood pressure medication, you have a higher chance of having a heart attack or damaging your kidneys.  If you don’t take an antibiotic for a nasty cold…well, really nothing is going to happen because antibiotics do not work for colds.  There are many prescriptions that are unnecessary or could be avoided with “watchful waiting” and there are some prescriptions that can be deadly if you do not take them exactly as prescribed.

3.  When can I expect this medication to work for me?

An important piece of information.  Will it treat my problem/condition in an hour or in 2 months?  Knowing what to expect is essential.  Someone being treated for clinical depression needs to know that the medication they are getting may not start to work for 2 to 6 weeks.  That’s a long time if you are expecting to feel better tomorrow.  Equally important is a person in acute pain to know that the pain medication should start working in an hour or so.  If not, it may need to be adjusted.  And if after 3 days of antibiotics your skin infection is spreading, don’t wait for the ten days of pills to be over.  You need to be reassessed right away. Know what to expect and always ask questions if you are unsure.

4.  What do I do if I have a problem with this medication?

Not all problems or side effects require another appointment.  Many issues can be solved by tweaking the dose, timing, formulation or way of taking the medication.  Sometimes a change of medication is necessary.  Find out what some of the common problems or side effects of your medication are and what you can do about them if they happen.

5.  Can I take this medication with all my other medications?

I find that most patients will ask me about this.  What is often missed though are the non-prescription medications, vitamins or herbal products they are taking.  Patients tend not to mention these as they are often viewed as “safe” and not harmful.  But in fact, there are many vitamins and “natural” products that can interact with prescription medications.  It is important to mention them all.

We all know it is impossible to remember everything your doctor or pharmacist tells you.  And that is where follow-up and communication comes in.  When I see a patient I advise them of any follow-up that is needed or how to reach me for questions. Typically by phone or email, but for more complicated learning I’ll see the patient in the office. Whether your nurse, pharmacist or physician provides you with your prescription, ensure you receive proper follow-up and educate yourself.  You are the person with the most vested interest in your own health.